Adolescence is defined as the stage between childhood and early remission, often manifested after puberty in males or females, and usually begins at the age of 12 and may extend to the 21st century.
Adolescence as one of the most important stages in the age of the most sensitive human being; as it is a transitional stage that moves the individual from childhood and friendliness to the stage of youth and guidance, it is a developmental stage like other stages, but it is permeated by a comprehensive and radical change in all aspects and phenomena physical, mental, emotional and social , While adolescence may be a general age crisis may arise due to many factors either due to internal and external factors, or because of the large imbalance in the methods of treatment and interaction with some of the problems that may be a teenager Adolescence.
Characteristics of adolescence stage
The stage of adolescence is characterized by accelerated growth compared with the previous stage and the next stage, showing growth and maturity in all aspects and personal dimensions. The individual also progresses towards developmental progress, high levels of emotional and social maturity, high self-responsibility and self-esteem through awareness of abilities, Which are refined by different experiences and successes and successes, the development of thinking and planning skills for the future, decision-making on crucial issues affecting individual lives, For accelerated physical and sexual aspects.
Problems of Adolescence Adolescents face many problems that may be internal or external; these problems may prevent adolescent psychological stability as well as imbalance in the process of social and social harmony. These problems are divided as follows:
Self-problems are the problems that can be subjective and psychological, namely:
Problems related to self and external appearance The teenager constantly monitors his external appearance and cares about him. He observes all kinds of changes and organic and physiological changes that can be observed in the general appearance as he progresses during his adolescence, as reflected in the reactions of others around him to these physical changes. This stage specifically begins with the psychological conflict with the body, showing either vanity and transcendence if it is characterized by elegance and elegance, or withdrawal and justification and defensive methods to compensate for the sense of inferiority, resulting in this conflict a lot of qualities and positive features Negative responses show an individual with around him. [4]
Problems of fear The adolescent may suffer from many fears that make him an anxious and unstable individual. These fears may be from parents at home and teachers at school, as well as fear of academic failure and fear of failure, and the adolescent also appears to be resistant to fears caused by economic problems , The religious vacuum, and the abnormal outlook of society and friends, which appear ironic, scornful and reprimanded for some mistakes made such as cheating in exams or directing abuse to others, in addition to all the feelings and negative feelings resulting from the desire And the continuous pursuit of total independence and freedom. All this results in the imbalance in psychological and subjective compatibility and thus the inability to reach the required level of balance. Thus, the adolescent becomes a reckless and passive individual, or may become a withdrawn and isolated person. Normal methods of Islamic and healthy health education. [4]
The problem of psychological incompatibility The problem of lack of psychological compatibility is one of the most important problems and the most serious that can be exposed to the teenager, making it confused and raging, resulting in a lot of negative emotions, such as crying and sadness, anxiety, and persistent distress, and lack of stability and safety, and the intensity of emotional responses exaggerated , As well as the instability and fluctuation of relations with others. All of the above results in the loss of the sense of his role in life, his feeling of emptiness, isolation and loneliness, lack of balance and emotional isolation, emotional lack, and the constant feeling that his life is threatened by diseases For wars, and all kinds of dangers with no one protecting him.
The imbalance in psychological compatibility has a negative and direct impact on other forms of compatibility such as social, educational and organic compatibility. At this stage, it is necessary to achieve a state of self-psychological, social and emotional equilibrium through normal social and family development, training in adaptations and adaptations, The more an adolescent is able to understand and accept himself, the more adaptable and adaptable to the self and the environment. [4]
External problems The stage of adolescence differs from one individual to another depending on cultural and civilizational differences and the geographical environment in addition to the obvious impact of values, religions and beliefs. The adolescent in rural society is different from the adolescent in the free society. These differences appear in the level of meeting different needs and opportunities to satisfy them, Is rooted in the previous experience experienced by the individual in childhood, then adolescence is the result of a series of environmental stimuli, cultural and civilizational. The external environmental adolescent's problems can be explained by:
The relationship between the individual and the family usually appears in the so-called generation conflict and the divergent differences of views. Usually, the adolescent's conflict with the family is about the study, how to fill the leisure time, wasting the time in what is not useful, the failure of the school and the failure to perform the homework and the school. The individual in complete independence from the family, and the rebellion against parental authority. The relationship between the individual and the community: The relationship between the individual and his society is supposed to be based on mutual understanding and giving, openness to new social experiences and interaction with them in a positive manner, and thus shows that the proper formation which depends on refinement and awareness and help to adapt, and any dysfunction affects one of the elements The interactive process between the individual and the community results from a disturbance in the process of social consensus that leads to isolation, withdrawal, introversion and the generation of negative feelings toward others. [4]